The Great Depression Was A Worldwide Economic Disaster...

The Great Depression was a worldwide economic disaster that sparked the â€Å"Black Tuesday† stock market crash on October 29th, 1920. With the first waves of the crash along with the low point in the Depression, there was a short-lived spark in the economy, but was immediately followed by steeper falls in the stock market. According to â€Å"In Defense of Marxism, USA: Crisis and Class Struggle in the 1930s and Today† article, the author points out that â€Å"From the cyclical high of 381.17 points on September 3, 1929, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell to 198.60 on November 13 that same year. It then recovered substantially, and by April 17, 1930 was up to 294.07. But this secondary closing peak was not to last – it has thus been aptly named a â€Å"dead cat bounce† by some economists†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Furthermore, did the crash cause the depression and what was the relationship between the economic collapse and the coming of World War II? Lastly, the â€Å"Black Tuesday† marked the end of the â€Å"Roaring 20s† and a beginning of what would be the one of the largest economic catastrophes in the United States history. Nobody could predict what would happen in the days and months to come. In the early stages of the Depression, general panic set in the housing/auto sector (1927-1928), fed raises the interest rates (Sept. 1929), the consumer spending dipped (Sept. 1929), â€Å"Black Thursday† occurred (Oct. 24th, 1929), along with the banking giant JP Morgan trying to rescue the economy and lastly the Black TuesdayShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSaddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. IncludesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPermissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed

During protestant reformation Free Essays

Henry Vic’s people became angry with the church, and German monk Martin Luther spoke out (95 theses). B. The Elizabethan Era (p. We will write a custom essay sample on During protestant reformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 288) Elizabeth l, prove to be great ruler. Sent Sir Francis Drake across globe, and Sir Walter Raleigh tried to put colony in Virginia. Greatest feat is defeating the Spanish Armada. C. The Rise of the Stuart and The Defeat of the Monarchy (p. 289) After death of Elizabeth, James I took throne (Scotland). This angered Catholics after his support of Church of England. Charles I took over in 1625 and relations with Puritans worsened, also after he dismissed Parliament. This put England into civil war. Oliver Cromwell and puritans defeated Royalists. Puritans made a commonwealth. Big set back. Once Charles II came back from exile to assume the throne restoration began. D. The Renaissance (p. 290) Art, poetry, music, theatre, all thriving during this time period. Started in Italy and spread throughout Europe. Life on Earth began to hold more energy and interest than thoughts of afterlife and religion. A renaissance man was a well rounded man who did the best he could with his or her talents. This was the time of Shakespeare, Galileo, and other creative people who invented and developed things to cultivate time period. Such as compass, printing press, and things like that. People began to explore life on earth and began to question many important things. Theatre was huge during this time, and King James Bible was made. The time period concluded in 1660 II. Renaissance Literature A. Pastoral Poems and Sonnets (p. 291) Energy became vibrant in literature. Sir Phillip Sidney, Sir Walter Raleigh and Edmond Spencer all put forth great literature. A pastoral poem is one that represents an idealized manner of shepherd life. Literature of Nature also emerged evilly. B. Shakespearean Drama (up. 292-93) Shakespeare contributed so much to drama and literature during time period. Mystery, mystical and morality plays developed greatly. Interludes and Latin and Greek dramas. He contributed tragedy and Comedies that to this day are famous. Also satires. His plays displayed many events and stories throughout history C. The Rise of Humanism (up. 294-95) Art, History, Philosophy and literature is what Humanists studied. English humanists were Erasmus, Sir Thomas More. Utopia was famous work of literature. Many translations also appeared. D. Spiritual and Devotional Writings (up. 295-96) King James Bible did more to mold English writing than anything. Scholar John Wickedly was scrutinized for his translation of spiritual scripture. King James Bible influenced John Million’s â€Å"Paradise Lost†. Also puritan writer John Bunyan who was famous for his allegory arose during this time. E. The Metaphysical and Cavalier Poets (up. 296-97) Ben Johnson was an accomplished poet related to Shakespeare because of that manner or writing. Ben Johnson had a group of men who followed him called â€Å"Sons of Ben†, this included Robert Heroic, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling. John Done represents the Metaphysical poets. How to cite During protestant reformation, Papers

Human Cloning Moral Arguments Essay Sample free essay sample

A. Would the Use of Human Cloning Violate Important Moral Rights? Many of the immediate disapprobations of any possible human cloning following Wilmut’s cloning of an grownup sheep claimed that it would go against moral or human rights. but it was normally non specified exactly. or frequently even at all. what the rights were that would be violated. I shall see two possible campaigners for such a right: a right to hold a alone individuality and a right to ignorance about one’s hereafter or to an â€Å"open hereafter. † The former right is cited by many observers. but I believe even if any such a right exists. it is non violated by human cloning. The latter right has merely been explicitly defended to my cognition by two observers. and in the context of human cloning. merely by Hans Jonas ; it supports a more promising. even if in my position finally unsuccessful. statement that human cloning would go against an of import lesson or human right. Is there a moral or human right to a alone individuality. and if so. would it be violated by human cloning? For human cloning to go against a right to a alone individuality. the relevant sense of individuality would hold to be familial individuality. that. is a right to a alone unrepeated genome. This would be violated by human cloning. but is at that place any such right? It might be thought at that place could non be such a right. because it would be violated in all instances of indistinguishable twins. yet no 1 claims in such instances that the moral or human rights of each of the twins have been violated. Even the usage of birthrate drugs. which increases the chance of holding twins. is non intended to bring forth E-12 twins. However. this consideration is non conclusive ( Kass 1985 ; NABER 1994 ) . It is normally held that merely consider human actions can go against others’ rights. but outcomes that would represent a rights misdemeanor if those results if done by human action are non a rights misdemeanor if those results result from natural causes. For illustration. if Arthur intentionally strikes Barry on the caput so hard as to do his decease. Arthur violates Barry’s right non to be killed. But if lightening work stoppages Cheryl. doing her decease. so we would non state that her right non to be killed has been violated. The instance of twins does non demo at that place could non be a right to a alone familial individuality. What is the sense of individuality that might credibly be each individual has a right to hold unambiguously. which constitutes the particular singularity of each person ( Macklin 1994 ; Chadwick 1982 ) ? Even with the same cistrons. two persons. for illustration homozygous twins. are numerically distinguishable and non indistinguishable. so what is intended must be the assorted belongingss and features that make each person qualitatively alone and different than others. Does holding the same genome as another individual undermine that alone qualitative individuality? Merely in the crudest familial determinism. a familial determinism harmonizing to which an individual’s cistrons wholly and resolutely find everything about the person. all his or her other non-genetic characteristics and belongingss. together with the full history or life that will represent his or her life. But there is no ground whatever to believe in that sort of familial determinism. and I do non believe that anyone does. Even with the same cistrons. as we know from the instances of genetically indistinguishable twins. while there may be many of import similarities in the twins’ psychological and personal features. differences in these develop over clip together with differences in their life histories. personal relationships. and life picks. This is true of indistinguishable twins raised together. and the differences are still greater in the instances of indistinguishable twins raised apart ; sharing an indistinguishable genome does non forestall twins from each developing a distinct and alone personal individuality of their ain. We need non prosecute what the footing or statement in support of a moral or human right to a alone individuality might be— such a right is non found among typical histories and numberings of moral or human rights— because even if we grant that there is such a right. sharing a genome with another person as a consequence of human cloning would non go against it. The thought of the singularity. or alone individuality. of each individual historically predates the development of modern genetic sciences and the cognition that except in the instance of homozygous twins. each person has a alone genome. A alone genome therefore could non be the evidences of this long-standing belief in the alone human individuality of each individual. I turn now to whether human cloning would go against what Hans Jonas called â€Å"a right to ignorance. † or what Joel Feinberg called â€Å"a right to an unfastened future† ( Jonas 1974 ; Feinberg 1980 ) . Jonas argued that human cloning in which there is a significant clip spread between the beginning of the lives of the earlier and later twins is basically different from the coincident beginning of the lives of homozygous twins that occur in nature. Although contemporary twins begin their lives with the same familial heritage. they besides begin their lives or lifes at the same clip. and so in ignorance of what the other who portions the same genome will by his or her picks E-13 brand of his or her life. To whatever extent one’s genome determines one’s future. each begins ignorant of what that finding will be and so remains as free to take a hereafter. to build a peculiar hereafter from among unfastened options. as are persons who do non hold a twin. Ig norance of the consequence of one’s genome on one’s hereafter is necessary for the self-generated. free. and reliable building of a life and ego. A ulterior twin created by human cloning. Jonas argues. knows. or at least believes he or she knows. excessively much about himself or herself. For there is already in the universe another individual. one’s earlier twin. who from the same familial get downing point has made the life picks that are still in the ulterior twin’s hereafter. It will look that one’s life has already been lived and played out by another. that one’s destiny is already determined. and so the ulterior twin will lose the spontaneousness of genuinely making and going his or her ain ego. One will lose the sense of human possibility in freely making one’s ain hereafter. It is oppressive. Jonas claims. for the earlier twin to seek to find another’s destiny in this manner. And even if it is a error to believe the petroleum familial determinism harmonizing to which one’s cistrons find one’s destiny. what is of import for one’s experience of freedom and ab ility to make a life for oneself is whether one thinks one’s hereafter is unfastened and undetermined. and so still to be determined by one’s ain picks. One might seek to construe Jonas’ expostulation so as non to presume either familial determinism. or a belief in it. A later twin might allow that he is non determined to follow in his earlier twin’s footfalls. but that however the earlier twin’s life would ever stalk him. standing as an undue influence on his life. and determining it in ways to which others’ lives are non vulnerable. But the force of the expostulation still seems to rest on a false premise that holding the same genome as his earlier twin unduly restricts his freedom to take a different life than the earlier twin chose. A household environment besides significantly shapes children’s development. But there is no force to the claim of a younger sibling that the being of an older sibling raised in that same household is an undue influence on his freedom to do a life for himself in that environment. Indeed. the younger twin or sibling might profit by being able to larn from the older twin’s or sibling’s errors. In a different context. and without using it to human cloning. Joel Feinberg has argued for a child’s right to an unfastened hereafter. This requires that others raising a kid non near off future possibilities that the kid would otherwise hold. thereby extinguishing a sensible scope of chances from which the kid may take autonomously to build his or her ain life. One manner this right to an unfastened hereafter would be violated is to deny even a basic instruction to a kid. Another manner might be to make him as a ulterior twin. so that he will believe his hereafter has already been set for him by the picks made and the life lived by his earlier twin. A cardinal trouble in measuring the deductions for human cloning of a right either to ignorance or to an unfastened hereafter. is whether the right is violated simply because the ulterior twin may be probably to believe that his hereafter is already determined. even if that belief is clearly false and supported merely by the crud est familial determinism. I believe that if the twin’s hereafter in world remains unfastened and his to freely take. so person moving in a manner that accidentally leads him to believe that his hereafter is closed and determined has non violated his right to ignorance or to an unfastened hereafter. Likewise. say I drive down the twin’s street in my new auto. which is merely like his. I know that when he sees me. he is likely to believe that I have stolen his auto. and hence will abandon his drive programs for the twenty-four hours. I have non violated his belongings right to his auto. even though he may experience the same loss of chance to drive that twenty-four hours as if I had in fact stolen his auto. In each instance. he is mistaken that his unfastened hereafter or auto has been taken from him. and so no right of his has been violated. If we know that the twin will believe that his unfastened hereafter has been taken from him as a consequence of being cloned. even though in world it has non. so we know that cloning will do him psychological hurt. but non that it will go against his right. Therefore. I believe Jonas’ right to ignorance. and our employment of Feinberg’s correspondent right of a kid to an unfastened hereafter. turns out non to be violated by human cloning. though they do indicate to psychological injuries that a ulterior twin may be likely to see and that I will turn to below. The consequence of our consideration of a moral or human right either to a alone individuality or to ignorance and an unfastened hereafter is that neither would be violated by human cloning. Possibly there are other possible rights that would do good the charge that human cloning is a misdemeanor of moral or human rights. but I am diffident what they might be. I turn now to consideration of the injuries that human cloning might bring forth. B. What Individual or Social Harms Might Human Cloning Produce? There are many possible person or societal injuries that have been posited by one or another observer. and I shall merely seek to cover the more plausible and important of them. Largely Individual Harms 1. Human cloning would bring forth psychological hurt and injury in the ulterior twin. This is possibly the most serious single injury that oppositions of human cloning foresee. and we have merely seen that even if human cloning is no misdemeanor of rights. it may however do psychological hurt or injury. No uncertainty cognizing the way in life taken by one’s earlier twin may in many instances have several bad psychological effects ( Callahan 1993 ; LaBar 1984 ; Macklin 1994 ; McCormick 1993 ; Studdard 1978 ; Rainer 1978 ; Verhey 1994 ) . The ulterior twin may experience. even if erroneously. that his or her destiny has already been well laid out. and so hold trouble freely and spontaneously taking duty for and doing his or her ain destiny and life. The ulterior twin’s experience or sense of liberty and freedom may be well diminished. even if in existent fact they are diminished much less than it seems to him or her. Together with this might be a lessened sense of one’s ain singularity and individualism. even if one time once more these are in fact diminished little or non at all by holding an earlier twin with the same genome. If the ulterior twin is the ringer of a peculiarly model person. possibly with some particular capablenesss and achievements. he or she may see inordinate force per unit area to make the really high criterions of ability and achievement of the earlier twin ( Rainer 1978 ) . All of these psychological effects may take a heavy toll on the ulterior twin and be serious loads under which he or she would populate. One observer has besides cited particular psychological injuries to the first. or first few. human ringers from the great promotion that would go to their creative activity ( LaBar 1984 ) . While public involvement in the first ringers would no uncertainty be tremendous. medical confidentiality should protect their individuality. Even if their individuality became public cognition. this would be a impermanent consequence merely on the first few ringers. The experience of Louise Brown. the first kid conceived by IVF. suggests this promotion could be managed to restrict its harmful effects. While psychological injuries of these sorts from human cloning are surely possible. and possibly even likely. they remain at this point merely bad. since we have no experience with human cloning and the creative activity of earlier and later twins. With of course happening indistinguishable twins. while they sometimes struggle to accomplish their ain individualities ( a battle shared by many people without a twin ) . there is typically a really strong emotional bond between the twins. and such twins are. if anything. by and large psychologically stronger and better adjusted than non-twins ( Robertson 1994b ) . Scenarios are even possible in which being a later duplicate confers a psychological benefit. For illustration. holding been intentionally cloned with specific cistrons might do the ulterior twin experience particularly wanted for the sort of individual he or she is. However. if experience with human cloning confirmed that serious and ineluctable psychological injuries typically occurred to the ulterior twin. that would be a serious moral ground to avoid the pattern. In the treatment above of possible psychological injuries to subsequently twins. I have been presuming that one later twin is cloned from an already bing grownup single. Cloning by agencies of embryo splitting. as carried out and reported by Hall and co-workers at George Washington University in 1993. has bounds on the figure of genetically indistinguishable twins that can be cloned ( Hall 1993 ) . Nuclear transportation. nevertheless. has no bounds to the figure of genetically indistinguishable persons who might be clon ed. Intuitively. many of the psychological loads and injuries noted above seem more likely and serious for a ringer who is merely one of many indistinguishable subsequently twins from one original beginning. so that the ringer might run into another indistinguishable twin around every street corner. This chance could be a good ground to put crisp bounds on the figure of twins that could be cloned from any one beginning. There is one statement that has been used by several observers to sabotage the evident significance of possible psychological injuries to a ulterior twin ( Chadwick 1982 ; Robertson 1994b. 1997 ; Macklin 1994 ) . The point derives from a general job. called the non-identity job. posed by the philosopher Derek Parfit and non originally directed to human cloning ( Parfit 1984 ) . Here is the statement. Even if all the psychological loads and force per unit areas from human cloning discussed above could non be avoided for any ulterior twin. they are non injuries to the twin. and so non grounds non to clone the twin. That is because the lone manner for the twin to avoid the injuries is neer to be cloned or to be at all. But no 1 claims that these loads and emphasiss. difficult though they might be. are so bad as to do the twin’s life. all things considered. non deserving living— that is. to be worse than no life at all. So the ulterior twin is non harmed by being given a life with these loads and emphasiss. since the option of neer bing at all is arguably worse— he or she loses a worthwhile life— but surely non better for the twin. And if the ulterior twin is non harmed by holding been created with these ineluctable loads and emphasiss. so how could he or she be wronged by holding been created with them? And if the ulterior twin is non wronged. so why is any incorrect being done by human cloning? This statement has considerable possible import. for if it is sound. it will sabotage the evident moral importance of any bad effect of human cloning to the ulterior twin that is non so serious as to do the twin’s life. all things considered. non deserving life. Parfit originally posed the non-identity job. but he does non accept the above statement as sound. Alternatively. he believes that if one could hold a different kid without these psychological loads ( for illustration. by utilizing a different method of reproduction which did non ensue in a ulterior twin ) . there is as strong a moral ground to make so as there would be non to do similar loads to an already bing kid ; I have defended this place sing the general instance of genetically transmitted disabilities or disablements ( Brock 1995 ) . The theoretical philosophical job is to explicate the moral rule that implies this decision and that besides has acceptable deductions in other instances affecting conveying people into being. such as issues about population policy. The issues are excessively elaborate and complex to prosecute here. and the non-identity job remains controversial and non to the full resolved. Suffice it to state that what is necessary is a rule that permits compar ing of the ulterior twin with these psychological loads and a different individual who could hold been created alternatively by a different method and so without such loads. Choosing to make the ulterior twin with serious psychological loads alternatively of a different individual who would be free of them. without a weighty overruling ground for taking the former. would be morally irresponsible or incorrect. even if making so does non harm or wrong the ulterior twin who could merely be with the loads. At the least. the statement for ignoring the psychological loads to the ulterior twin. because he or she could non be without them. is controversial. and in my position mistaken ; ineluctable psychological loads to later twins are grounds against human cloning. Such psychological injuries. as I shall go on to name them. make remain bad. but they should non be disregarded because of the non-identity job. 2. Human cloning processs would transport unacceptable hazards to the ringer. One version of this expostulation to human cloning concerns the research necessary to hone the process. The other version concerns the ulterior hazards from its usage. Wilmut’s group had 276 failures before their success with Dolly. bespeaking that the process is far from perfected. even with sheep. Further research on the process with animate beings is clearly necessary before it would be ethical to utilize the process on worlds. But even presuming that cloning’s safety and effectivity is established with animate beings. research would necessitate to be done to set up its safety and effectivity for worlds. Could this research be ethically done ( Pollack 1993 ) ? There would be small or no hazard to the giver of the cell karyon to be transferred. and his or her informed consent could and must ever be obtained. There might be greater hazards for the adult female to whom a cloned embryo is transferred. but these should be comparable to those associated with IVF processs. The woman’s informed consent. excessively. could and must be obtained. What of the hazards to the cloned embryo itself? Judging by the experience of Wilmut’s group in their work on cloning a sheep. the principal hazard to the embryos cloned was their failure successfully to engraft. turn. and develop. Comparable hazards to cloned human embryos would seemingly be their decease or devastation long earlier most people or the jurisprudence see them to be individuals with moral or legal protections of life. Furthermore. unreal generative engineerings now in usage. such as IVF. hold a known hazard that some embryos will be destroyed or will non successfully implant and will decease. It is premature to do a confident appraisal of what the hazards to human topics would be of set uping the safety and effectivity of human cloning processs. but there are no ineluctable hazards evident at this clip that would do the necessary research clearly ethically impermissible. Could human cloning processs run into ethical criterions of safety and efficaciousness? Risks to an ovum giver ( if any ) . a nucleus giver. and a adult female who receives the embryo for nidation would probably be ethically acceptable with the informed consent of the involved parties. But what of the hazards to the human ringer if the process in some manner goes incorrect. or unforeseen injuries come to the ringer? For illustration. Harold Varmus. manager of the National Institutes of Health. has raised the concern that a cell many old ages old from which a individual is cloned could hold accumulated familial mutants during its old ages in another grownup that could give the ensuing ringer a sensitivity to malignant neoplastic disease or other diseases of aging ( Weiss 1997 ) . Furthermore. it is impossible to obtain the informed consent of the ringer to his or her ain creative activity. but. of class. no 1 else is able to give informed consent for their creative activity. either. I believe it is excessively shortly to state whether ineluctable hazards to the ringer would do human cloning unethical. At a lower limit. farther research on cloning animate beings. every bit good as research to better specify the possible hazards to worlds. is needed. For the grounds given supra. we should non put aside hazards to the ringer on the evidences that the ringer would non be harmed by them. since its lone option is non to be at all ; I have suggested that is a bad statement. But we should non take a firm stand on a criterion that requires hazards to be lower than those we accept in sexual reproduction. or in other signifiers of aided reproduction. It is non possible now to cognize when. if of all time. human cloning will fulfill an appropriate criterion restricting hazards to the ringer. Largely Social Injuries 3. Human cloning would decrease the worth of persons and diminish regard for human life. Unelaborated claims to this consequence were common in the media after the proclamation of the cloning of Dolly. Ruth Macklin has explored and criticized the claim that human cloning would decrease the value we place on. and our regard for. human life. because it would take to individuals being viewed as replaceable ( Macklin 1994 ) . As argued above. merely in a baffled and untenable impression of human individuality is a person’s individuality determined entirely by his or her cistrons. Alternatively. individuals’ individualities are determined by the interaction of their cistrons over clip with their environments. including the picks the persons make and the of import dealingss they form with other individuals. This means in bend that no person could be to the full replaced by a ulterior ringer possessing the same cistrons. Ordinary people recognize this clearly. For illustration. parents of a 12-year-old kid death of a fatal disease would see it insensitive and farcical if person told them they should non sorrow for their approaching loss because it is possible to replace him by cloning him ; it is their kid who is deceasing. whom they love and value. and that kid and his importance to them could neer be replaced by a cloned subsequently twin. Even if they would besides come to love and value a subsequently twin every bit much as their kid who is deceasing. that would be to love and value that different kid who could neer replace the kid they lost. Ordinary people are typically rather clear about the importance of the dealingss they have to distinct. historically located persons with whom over clip they have shared experiences and their lives. and whose loss to them would hence be unreplac eable. A different version of this concern is that human cloning would ensue in persons’ worth or value seeming diminished because we would now see worlds as able to be manufactured or â€Å"handmade. † This demystification of the creative activity of human life would cut down our grasp and awe of it and of its natural creative activity. It would be a error. nevertheless. to reason that a human being created by human cloning is of less value or is less worthy of regard than one created by sexual reproduction. It is the nature of a being. non how it is created. that is the beginning of its value and makes it worthy of regard. Furthermore. for many people. deriving a scientific apprehension of the extraordinary complexness of human reproduction and development additions. alternatively of lessenings. their awe of the procedure and its merchandise. A more elusive path by which the value we place on each person human life might be diminished could come from the usage of human cloning with the purpose of making a kid with a peculiar genome. either the genome of another person particularly meaningful to those making the cloning or an single with exceeding endowments. abilities. and achievements. The kid might so be valued merely for his or her genome. or at least for his or her genome’s expected phenotypic look. and no longer be recognized as holding the intrinsic equal moral value of all individuals. merely as individuals. For the moral value and esteem due all individuals to be seen as resting merely on the instrumental value of persons. or of individuals’ peculiar qualities. to others would be to basically alter the moral position accorded to individuals. Everyone would lose their moral standing as full and equal members of the moral community. replaced by the different instrumental value each of us has to others. Such a alteration in the equal moral value and worth accorded to individuals should be avoided at all costs. but it is far from clear that such a alteration would take topographic point from allowing human cloning. Parents. for illustration. are rather capable of separating their children’s intrinsic value. merely as single individuals. from their instrumental value based on their peculiar qualities or belongingss. The equal moral value and esteem due all individuals merely as individuals is non incompatible with the different instrumental value of people’s peculiar qualities or belongingss. Einstein and an talentless natural philosophies graduate pupil have immensely different value as scientists. but portion and are entitled to be moral value and regard as individuals. It would be a error and a confusion to blend the two sorts of value and regard. Making a big figure of ringers from one original individual might be more likely to further this error and confusion in th e populace. If so. that would be a farther ground to restrict the figure of ringers that could be made from one person. 4. Human cloning would deviate resources from other more of import societal and medical demands ( LaBar 1984 ; Callahan 1993 ) .As we saw in sing the grounds for. and possible benefits from. human cloning. in merely a limited figure of utilizations would it unambiguously meet of import human demands. There is small uncertainty that in the United States. and surely elsewhere. there are more urgent unmet human demands. both medical or wellness demands and other societal or single demands. This is a ground for non utilizing public financess to back up human cloning. at least if the financess really are redirected to more of import terminals and demands. It is non a ground. nevertheless. either to forbid other private persons or establishments from utilizing their ain resources for research on human cloning or for human cloning itself. or to forbid human cloning or research on human cloning. The other of import point about resource usage is that it is non now clear how expensive human cl oning would finally be. for illustration. in comparing with other agencies of alleviating sterility. The process itself is non scientifically or technologically highly complex and might turn out non to necessitate a important committedness of resources. 5. Human cloning might be used by commercial involvements for fiscal addition. Both oppositions and advocates of human cloning agree that cloned embryos should non be able to be bought and sold. In a scientific discipline fiction frame of head. one can conceive of commercial involvements offering genetically certified and guaranteed embryos for sale. possibly offering a catalogue of different embryos cloned from persons with a assortment of endowments. capacities. and other desirable belongingss. This would be a cardinal misdemeanor of the equal moral regard and self-respect owed to all individuals. handling them alternatively as objects to be differentially valued. bought. and sold in the market place. Even if embryos are non yet individuals at the clip they would be purchased or sold. they would be valued. bought. and sold for the individuals they will go. The moral consensus against any commercial market in embryos. cloned or otherwise. should be enforced by jurisprudence. whateve r public policy finally is created to turn to human cloning. It has been argued that the jurisprudence may already prohibit markets in embryos on evidences that they would go against the 13th amendment forbiding bondage and nonvoluntary servitude ( Turner 1981 ) . 6. Human cloning might be used by authoritiess or other groups for immoral and exploitatory intents. In Brave New World. Aldous Huxley imagined cloning persons who have been engineered with limited abilities and conditioned to make. and to be happy making. the humble work that society needed done ( Huxley 1932 ) . Selection and control in the creative activity of people was exercised non in the involvements of the individuals created. but in the involvements of the society and at the disbursal of the individuals created. Any usage of human cloning for such intents would work the ringers entirely as agencies for the benefit of others. and would go against the equal moral regard and self-respect they are owed as full moral individuals. If human cloning is permitted to travel frontward. it should be with ordinances that would clearly forbid such immoral development. Fiction contains even more distressing and eccentric utilizations of human cloning. such as Mengele’s creative activity of many ringers of Hitler in Ira Levin’s The Boys from Brazil ( 1996 ) . Woody Allen’s scientific discipline fiction cinematic parody Sleeper. in which a dictator’s merely staying portion. his nose. must be destroyed to maintain it from being cloned. and the modern-day scientific discipline fiction movie Blade Runner ( Levin 1976 ) . Nightmare scenarios like Huxley’s or Levin’s may be rather unlikely. but their impact should non be underestimated on public concern with engineerings like human cloning. Regulation of human cloning must guarantee the populace that even such implausible maltreatments will non take topographic point. 7. Human cloning used on a really widespread footing would hold a black consequence on the human cistron pool by cut downing familial diverseness and our capacity to accommodate to new conditions ( Eisenberg 1976 ) .This is non a realistic concern since homo cloning would non be used on a broad plenty graduated table. well replacing sexual reproduction. to hold the feared consequence on the cistron pool. The huge bulk of worlds seem rather satisfied with sexual agencies of reproduction ; if anything. from the point of view of world-wide population. we could make with a spot less enthusiasm for it. Programs of eugenicists like Herman Mueller earlier in the century to infuse 1000s of adult females with the sperm of exceeding work forces. every bit good as the more recent constitution of sperm Bankss of Nobel laureates. have met with small or no public involvement or success ( Adams 1990 ) . Peoples prefer sexual agencies of reproduction. and they prefer to maintain their ain biological ties to their progeny. Mentions Adams. M. . erectile dysfunction. . The Well-Born Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1990. Brock. D. W. . The non-identity job and familial injury. Bioethicss. 9:269-275. 1995. Callahan. D. . Perspective on cloning: A menace to single singularity. Los Angeles Times. November 12. 1993. B7. Chadwick. R. F. . Cloning. Philosophy. 57:201-209. 1982.Eisenberg. L. . The result as cause: Predestination and human cloning. J Med Philos. 1:318- 331. 1976.Feinberg. J. . The child’s right to an unfastened hereafter. in Whose Child? Children’s Rights. Parental Authority. and State Power. W. Aiken. H. LaFollette ( explosive detection systems. ) . Totowa. New jersey: Rowman and Littlefield. 1980. Huxley. A. . Brave New World. London: Chalto and Winders. 1932. Jonas. H. . Philosophical Essaies: From Ancient Creed to Technological Man. Englewood Cliffs. New jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1974.Kass. L. . Toward a More Natural Science. New York: The Free Press. 1985. LaBar. M. . The pros and cons of human cloning. Thought. 57:318-333. 1984. Levin. I. . Boys from Brazil. New York: Random House. 1976. Macklin. R. . Dividing embryos on the slippery incline: Ethical motives and public policy. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 4:209-226. 1994.McCormick. R. . Should we clone worlds? . Christian Century. 1148-1149. 1993. — — — . Notes on Moral Theology: 1965 Through 1980. Washington. DC: University Press of America. 1981.NABER ( National Advisory Board on Ethical motives in Reproduction ) . Report on human cloning through embryo splitting: An gold visible radiation. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 4:251-282. 1994. Pollack. R. . Beyond cloning. New York Times. Nov. 17. 1993. A27. Rainer. J. D. Commentary. Man and Medicine: The Journal of Values and Ethics in Health Care. 3:115-117. 1978. Turner. P. O. . Love’s labour lost: Legal and ethical deductions in unreal human reproduction. University of Detriot Journal of Urban Law. 58:459-487. 1981. Verhey. A. D. . Cloning: Revisiting an old argument. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 4:227-234. 1994. Robertson. J. A. . A Ban on Cloning and Cloning Research Is Unjustified. Testimony before the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. March 1997.Weiss. R. . Cloning all of a sudden has government’s attending. International Herald Tribune. March 7. 1997. 2. 1997.Studdard. A. The lone ringer. Man and Medicine: The Journal of Values and Ethics in Health Care. 3:109-114. 1978.

Invisible Man 1 Essays - Invisible Man, Point Of View, Style

The story begins with the narrator in search of his Identity. He goes to others to find out who he is, but they look at him unable able to give him an answer; so he seeks it himself. He?s search for who he is begins with his grandfather, who obeyed the separate but equal way of life; he was ashamed of his grandfather for taking that approach. His grandfather?s word would be the way he would react around white people; it was the only way to deal with the white people. This behavior that he inherited from his grandfather afforded him many opportunities. For example he offered the opportunity to give a speech to the white echelons. Before he gave his speech he was humiliated along with other black men. When it was done he received a scholarship to the college of Negroes. The story moves to the Narrators college experience. He talks about the surroundings of the college, school structure, and the benefactors. He talks about a specific occasion where he was asked to drive a benefactor, who proceeds to tell him why he helps the black community, because of his daughter?s death. The Narrator takes to him to Trueblood house, a pariah among the black community. Trueblood impregnated his wife and his daughter. When the white men of the town heard this story they wanted to hear over and over again; they treated him better than he was treated before. To forget this ordeal the Narrator brings Mr. Norton to get a drink. On his way to the Golden Day they are stopped by black veterans going to see prostitutes; fearing what might happen to the benefactor the Narrator goes in and order a drink, he is denied. Mr. Norton is dragged in and beaten. A Veteran help the two of them, and proceeds to explain his knowledge of medicine. The Veteran was trained in medicine in t he military, but when he tried to practice he was chased and beaten. After the ordeal, the benefactor is dropped off at campus to receive medical treatment. The Narrator is fearful of losing the one identity he has as a student, because of the events. He tells the doctor who the tell Mr. Norton that he will be reprimanded. Mr. Norton tells the doctor the whole story, and does not but the blame on the Narrator; Dr. Bledsoe wants to talk to him in the chapel. In the chapel he feels guilty for the events that went on and the sermon that Reverend Homer A. Barbee only makes him feel worse. In the next section he is thrown out of college for the events that occurred. Dr. Bledsoe explains that he has no power to change his mind, and offers to aid him in getting a job. Dr. Bledsoe only betrays him by giving recommendations that will hurt him not help him. He goes to Harlem to find a job. On the bus he meets the Veteran, who proceeds to warn him about the Mr. Norton?s of the world. When he reaches his destination he goes to the addresses on the envelope to get a job. On his way there he admires the reaction of the white people around him, but feels they only act that way around black men because it is mechanical. The narrator grows impatient, after not receiving a word from the places he went.

The Second Book Syndrome

The Second Book Syndrome The second book is a nail-biting endeavor. One would think that the first one would be the one to make you break out in hives, but trust me, that follow-up is an experience all its own. Most readers wait to read an author until the author has multiple books out. That means three, four, or more. Stand-alones have to lead with some pretty incredible buzz to be read. The first book in a series is also a difficult sell. But an author releasing the second book is in this crazy limbo place: not yet proven as an author or as a series worth investing in. Heres the Second Book Syndrome from the eyes of the reader: 1) Is book two as good as book one? 2) Is the author a one-hit wonder (e.g. Harper Lee)? 3) Is all the excitement expended in the first book? 4) No point reading book two until after reading book one. 5) Why does this author have two books when I never heard of the first one? 6) Ill wait until there are three or four books. Two books isnt a series. The author knows all this, because authors are readers before they are writers. Lets look at the Second Book Syndrome through the eyes of the author: 1) Is book two as good as book one? Im too close to really tell. 2) Do I have another book in me? The first one was a feat in itself. 3) Did I invest so much into book one that Im fighting for traction in book two? 4) How do I make people want to read this book when book one is still trying to sell? 5) Do I have enough credibility to make people read more than one book? 6) Two books dont feel like a series. I wish I could write faster and get to book five. These thoughts are amazingly similar. Book two is that difficult book. In most series, authors and publishers will tell you that the second book often tanks or proves to be the hardest sell. The author poured himself into developing a voice in the first one, but is that skill tapped dry? Is the second story as special as the inaugural one? Is the magic gone? Was the first one a fluke? As both author and reader, cut the second book some slack. In reality, it should be the more mature book where the author has more stable footing and can dare to step up their game. A writer daring to tackle that second book is hungry and aiming to please. It might be THE BOOK of the seriesthe one where the author is fighting harder to prove himself. Whether reader or author, give it a whirl!

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World The 196 countries of the world can be logically divided into eight regions based on their geography, mostly aligning with the continent on which they are located. That said, some groupings dont strictly adhere to divisions by continent. For example, the Middle East and North Africa are separated from sub-Saharan Africa along cultural lines. Likewise, the Caribbean and Central America are grouped separately from North and South America due to similarities based on latitudes.   Asia Asia stretches from former stans of the  USSR  to the  Pacific Ocean.  There are 27 countries in Asia and it is the worlds largest and most populous region, with about 60 percent of the worlds population living there. The region boasts five of the 10 most populous countries in the world, with India and China taking the top two spots. BangladeshBhutanBruneiCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanKazakhstanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaKyrgyzstanLaosMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmarNepalPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanTajikistanThailandTurkmenistanUzbekistanVietnam Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia The 23 countries of the Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia include some countries not traditionally considered as part of the Middle East (such as Pakistan). Their inclusion is based on culture. Turkey is also sometimes placed in lists of Asian and Europan countries since geographically, it straddles them both. In the last 50 years of the 20th century, due to a decline in mortality rates and a high rate of the fertility rate, this region grew faster than any other in the world. As a result, demographics there skew young, while in many more developed regions, such as in Asia, Europe, and North America, population bubbles skew older. AfghanistanAlgeriaAzerbaijan (The former republics of the Soviet Union are typically lumped into one region, nearly 30 years after independence. In this listing, theyve been placed where most appropriate.)BahrainEgyptIranIraqIsrael (Israel may be located in the Middle East, but it is certainly an outsider culturally and perhaps better belongs attached to Europe, like its seaward neighbor and European Union member state, Cyprus.)JordanKuwaitLebanonLibyaMoroccoOmanPakistanQatarSaudi ArabiaSomaliaSyriaTunisiaTurkeyThe United Arab EmiratesYemen Europe The European continent and its local region contain 48 countries and stretches from North America and back to North America as it encompasses Iceland and all of Russia. As of 2018, data shows that about three-quarters of its population live in urban areas. Having so many peninsulas, and the region itself being a peninsula of Eurasia, means a wealth of coastline on its mainland- more than 24,000 miles (38,000 kilometers) of it, in fact. AlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGreeceHungaryIceland (Iceland straddles the Eurasian plate and the North American plate, so geographically it is halfway between Europe and North America. However, its culture and settlement are clearly European in nature.)IrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (The United Kingdom is the country composed of the constituent entities known as England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.)Vatican City North America Economic powerhouse North America includes  only three countries but it takes up most of a continent and is thus a region onto itself. Since it stretches from the Arctic to the tropics, North Americ includes almost all the major climate biomes. In the farthest reaches north, the region stretches halfway around the world- from Greenland to Alaska- but at its farthest point south, Panama has a narrow point thats only 31 miles (50 kilometers) wide. CanadaGreenland (Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, not an independent country.)MexicoThe United States of America Central America and the Caribbean Among the 20 countries of Central America and the Caribbean, none are landlocked, and half are islands. In fact, there is no location in Central America that is more than 125 miles (200 kilometers)  from the sea. Volcanoes and earthquakes go hand in hand in this region, as many of the islands in the Caribbean are volcanic in origin and not dormant.   Antigua and BarbudaThe BahamasBarbadosBelizeCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepublicEl SalvadorGrenadaGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and Tobago South America Twelve countries occupy South America, which stretches from the equator to nearly the Antarctic Circle. Its separated from Antarctica by the Drake Passage which is 600 miles wide (1,000 kilometers). Mount Aconcagua, located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina near Chile is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere. At 131 feet (40 meters)  below sea level, the  Valdà ©s Peninsula, located in southeastern Argentina is the hemispheres lowest point.   Many Latin American countries are experiencing a financial contraction (such as unfunded pensions for an aging populace, deficit government spending, or the inability to spend on public services) and also have some of the most closed economies in the world. ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela Sub-Saharan Africa There are 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. (Some of these countries are actually intra-Saharan or within the Sahara Desert.) Nigeria is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world, and by the year 2050, will overtake the United States as the worlds third most populous nation. As a whole, Africa is the second largest and second most populous continent. Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa achieved independence between the 1960s and 1980s, so their economies and infrastructure are still developing. This is is proving most difficult for countries that are landlocked due to the extra hurdles in transportation and right of way they must overcome to get their goods to and from port. AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeThe Central African RepublicChadComorosRepublic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the CongoCote dIvoireDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonThe GambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSao Tome and PrincipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSouth SudanSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabwe Australia and Oceania The 15 countries of Australia and Oceania vary widely by culture and occupy a large swath of the world ocean. With the exception of continent/country Australia, the region does not occupy a great deal of land. Islands have been known- since Charles Darwin pointed it out- for their endemic species and nowhere is this more apparent than in Australia and Oceania. For instance, about 80 percent of the species in Australia are unique to that country. Endangered species in the region range from those in the ocean to those in the sky. Challenges to conservation include the remote location and fact that much of the areas oceans are outside the direct jurisdiction of the countries there. AustraliaEast Timor (While East Timor lies on an Indonesian [Asian] island, its eastern location requires that it be located in the Oceania nations of the world.)FijiKiribatiMarshall IslandsThe Federated States of MicronesiaNauruNew ZealandPalauPapua New GuineaSamoaSolomon IslandsTongaTuvaluVanuatu

Hire purchase contracts and Lease in business and how they work Essay

Hire purchase contracts and Lease in business and how they work - Essay Example The intention of this study is an Accounting Standard as a principle that explains the accounting structure, utilizing it as the conceptual foundation for its work. The major role of this Statement is to offer conceptual input into the ASB's job on the growth and review of accounting standards. The study consists of various procedures regarding the â€Å"SSAP 21† (SSAP 21 Accounting for Leases and Hire Purchase Contracts 1997) and its recent amendment. The aim of financial reports is to offer information on the subject of the reporting entity’s fiscal performance and monetary position which is helpful to a large range of users for evaluating the stewardship of the entity’s organization and forming economic decisions. â€Å"Financial statements need to reflect the effects of transactions and other events on the reporting entity’s financial performance and financial position. This involves a high degree of classification and aggregation. Order is imposed on this process by specifying and defining the classes of items—the elements—that encapsulate the key aspects of the effects of those transactions and other events†. An operating lease is a lease that is not a â€Å"finance lease†. Expenses under an operating lease are taken to the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis more than the lease term, unless an additional methodical basis is more suitable. â€Å"SSAP 21; paragraph 17 defines a finance lease as ‘...a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset to the lease’. SSAP 21 also defines an operating lease as simply ‘...a lease other than finance lease’†... 8). Findings: The way in which leases are currently differentiated and accounted for; in accordance with SSAP 21 Accounting for hire purchase and lease agreements are dealt with in the provisions offered in SSAP 21 ‘accounting for hire purchase and leases contracts’ and IAS 17 leases. In some examples, a number of lease dealings can form division of a complex contract or which include provisions, options and assurances which could drop within the scope of FRS 5 ‘reporting the matter of dealings’. It must be noted , that where such a lease drops under the range of FRS 5 and SSAP 21, the standards containing more particular provision will be relevant. Operating and Finance Leases An operating lease is a lease that is not a â€Å"finance lease† (Finance Lease 2005). Expenses under an operating lease are taken to the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis more than the lease term, unless an additional methodical basis is more suitable. â€Å"SSAP 21; paragraph 17 defines a finance lease as ‘...a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset to the lease’. SSAP 21 also defines an operating lease as simply ‘...a lease other than finance lease’† (Financial Reporting 2011, para. 4). Whether or not a lease passes substantially all the rewards and risks of possession, it will usually be clear in the lease conditions. IAS 17 specifies the direction as to when substantially all the rewards and risks of possession are passed to the lessee: The â€Å"lease transfers† (Gupta 2010) possession to the lessee at the finish of the lease term. The lease tells about a good deal purchase choice at the finish of the lease term. The lease term is for the main division of the asset’s

New Forms of Work, Organisation and Career Sy2001 C Essay

New Forms of Work, Organisation and Career Sy2001 C - Essay Example â€Å"A virtual organization is a group of individuals whose members and resources may be dispersed geographically and institutionally, yet who function as coherent unit through the use of cyber infrastructure (CI)† (Beyond Being There p.3) This paper tends to discuss the multifaceted effects of virtual organizations in business, organizational structure, and career. Tremendous changes have been visible in the area of organizational management for the past few decades. Unlike traditional organizations, modern companies are able to store every valuable data in their specially designed software. This information system is highly integrated with the enterprise planning (ERP) of a company. Technological advancement has enabled business operators to focus more on the advantages of outsourcing. It enables them to reduce labor cost and time for the accomplishment of intended tasks. Coordinated resource/knowledge sharing is the main facet of virtual organization. Not only VOs but also many of the traditional organizations also take advantage of the broad information technology to strengthen the area of their service. Technology helps big organizations to collaborate and coordinate their resources and people from all around the globe. Computer and computer-based communication facilities are the inevitable requirement for virtual management. Cyber infrast ructure helps organizations to integrate the whole system and enable easy access to resources and information. According to the writers, â€Å"VOs enable system-level science, facilitate access to resources, enhance problem-solving processes, and are a key to national economic and scientific competitiveness.† (Beyond Being There p.5). Virtual Organizations primarily have document processors for storing organizational data. It ensures instant access to organization’s HR information. This is normally known as Human Resource Information System (HRIS) which is highly useful in HR

Strategies for Selecting a Topic Essay Example for Free

Strategies for Selecting a Topic Essay Question-Answer What two objects, people, subjects, or concepts are you going to compare and contrast?The subjects I am going to use is Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 What are the similarities between the two objects, people, subjects, or concepts? List as many similarities that you can think of. One type of bipolar acts out unexpectedly and has similar adhd acts. The other type of bipolar acts out uncontrollable, and has similar, mood disorders and adhd. What are the differences between the two objects, people, subjects, or concepts? List as many differences that you can think of.The differences are one bipolar is uncontrollably and the other bipolar is more timid Are you going to focus on similarities, differences, or both? Explain your rationale. I want to explain the differences and similarities and hope to let people know that there are others out there with the same problems. What do you want your readers to learn and understand after reading your essay? What is the purpose of your essay?The differences between the two, and I want to know that just because kids look normal they may not be. What three parallel points of comparison or contrast will you address in your essay? For example, if you were going to compare and contrast two teachers, your three parallel points might be these: †¢Each teacher’s homework policy †¢Each teacher’s classroom conduct policy †¢Each teacher’s demeanor 1.The differences between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2.What types of other mental disorder usually comes with the two types of bipolar and different ways to try to handle the situations and medications. 3.Some of the ways to know how each child is and how to go about it from the morning through school and at home. Explain why this is an appropriate and workable topic selection for the final assignment.This  is an appropriate workable topic because people need to be aware of different kids of kids and not to judge. The most important is to let people know that they are not alone because there are not many blogs, groups out there for these families.

Symbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: essays research papers

Symbolism in Kate Chopin's The Awakening Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a literary work full of symbolism. Birds, clothes, houses and other narrative elements are powerful symbols which add meaning to the novel and to the characters. I will analyze the most relevant symbols presented in Chopin's literary work. BIRDS The images related to birds are the major symbolic images in the narrative from the very beginning of the novel: "A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over: `Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! That's all right!'" (pp3) In The Awakening, caged birds serve as reminders of Edna's entrapment. She is caged in the roles as wife and mother; she is never expected to think for herself. Moreover, the caged birds symbolize the entrapment of the Victorian women in general. Like the parrot, the women's movements are limited by the rules of society. In this first chapter, the parrot speaks in "a language which nobody understood" (pp3). The parrot is not able to communicate its feelings just like Edna whose feelings are difficult to understand, incomprehensible to the members of Creole society. In contrast to caged birds, Chopin uses wild birds and the idea of flight as symbols of freedom. This symbol is shown in a vision of a bird experienced by Edna while Mademoiselle Reisz is playing the piano. "When she heard it there came before her imagination the figure of a man standing beside a desolate rock on the seashore. He was naked. His attitude was one of hopeless resignation as he looked toward a distant bird winging its flight away from him." (pp26-27) In this vision Edna is showing her desire for freedom, desire for escaping from her roles as wife and mother, from her husband LÃ ©once who keeps her in a social cage. After these episodes, the images related to birds are absent form the narrative until the chapter 29. Following the summer on Grand Isle, where she had awakening experiences, she starts to express her desire for independence in New Orleans through her move to her own house, the pigeon house "because it's so small and looks like a pigeon house" (pp 84). The nickname of the pigeon house is very significant because a pigeon house is a place where pigeons, birds that have adapted to and benefited from the human society, are kept cooped up.

Pda Medication Reflective Account Essay

As a requirement of my role as Support Worker for Options Of Independence. I must support my service users with administering medication, in order for me to administer medication safely under the Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines, Handling Of Medication in social care 2007, and under Dundee City Council guidelines, I must check that the medicines are correct by checking the medication pack and label on the box must be by the pharmacist or dispensing gp, and identify the service user correctly. I need to know what the medicine is for and know if there is any precautions if medicine has to be taken with or after food or with water. I supported service user M, who requires to be prompted to open blister pack and take her medication. I know service user M as I regularly visit service user M and I am there keyworker. This is under Scottish Social Services Council, codes of practice ,1.1 1.4 1.5 3.6 4.3 6.1. in the sssc book. As I know service user M and I am there keyworker I know s ervice user M very well. I read over her support plan and check medication and mar sheet, I check her medicines from reading the patient information leaflet, check for any adverse reactions and side affects and any contra indications, a side affect is unwanted affect on the body, adverse reaction is an acute or server reaction that can be life threatening. This is under the care of standards. Side Affects, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, rash, weight gain and loss Adverse Reactions, severe rash, breathless, stomach pains, severe diarrhea, swelling, body temperature I have to comply under the Medicines Act 1968, and under The Royal Pharmaceutical Society guidelines and the Handling Of Medicines act 2007. This is under my responsibilitys as support worker and under the national care standards under support services that I am confident about healthcare needs and to make sure service user takes medication safely and in the best way that suits the service user. Read more:  Administer Medication to Individuals and Monitor the Effects If I was administering medication i.e an injection I would respect service users dignity and privacy and follow there personal plan. This complys with medicines act 1968 and the royal pharmaceutical society guidelines. also the handling of medicines act 2007. I went into service user M box where her blister pack and care plan are before i check anything i washed and dryed my hands and applyed my ppe, gloves and apron i then went and washed the medi cup and dryed it. I then checked care plan and mar sheet and checked the blister pack and patient information sheet i then used a popping technqiue to  dispence the blister pack i also offered service user M glass of water which service user M prefers to take with medication this is stated in care plan i checked care plan and medication in blister pack to make sure that its correct as mistakes can be made with medication errors wrong labeling check name date next i would check for the correct route and time . If I was usure about anything I would contact the pharmacist. I then mark the mar sheet using black pen in the appropriate boxes correct date and time. I make sure I obsserve service user M taking her medication and that it has been taken before I would mark mar sheet. When doing this I would look out for any side affects or adverse reactions if I did see any I would take further action and seek medical advice immedicatley and record my finding in mar sheet and daily notes and contact team leader. when marking mar sheet make sure my intials are clear and correct and all information is logged in daily notes and mar sheet. I make sure I put blister pack back in box where its kept and the care plan. as this is where storage is agreed to be kept. this is under the data protection act 1989 and with rules of codes of practice policy and prodcures. If I discovered that service user M had unwanted medication in box I would fill out a medication disposal form noting what dosage and medication it is and how much, I would get the service users signature and return to the pharmacy and get them to sign there name as well. this form would be kept beside mar sheet this is under current policys and procedures, in doing this I have followed the legal rights. Right person, right drug, right doze, right route, ruight time, right documentation, right action, right response. this does not guarantee that medication errors wil not happen but will ensure safety and quality of care. There are a lot of laws and legislations to adhere when dealing with medication. the medicines act 1968. this regulates the supply and manufacture of medicines, prescription only drugs, are avavible only from the pharmacist if its prescribed by a doctor Pharmacy medicines only avaible from the pharmacist but without a prescription. and general sales list which can be bought from any shop without prescription. The human requlations act 2012 this is for labelling of medicines you must have a label on any medcines including creams etc. the date of opening it and expiry date. The missue of drugs act 1973, this is how contolled drugs are stored. in residential they should be stores in a locked secure area, must be double locked cabinet and also secured to a  wall. and to be checked evey 7 days. If its in a service users home they must agree where there to be stored where its accessible to the service user and the staff supporting service user, and must be recored in there care plan. must be suitable storage i.e locked in cabinet or a drawer. in a cool dry palce, some medicines might be stored in a fridege. Regulations of care Scotland act 2001, this was set up by Scottish commission and is to regulation of care and the Scottish social services. which makes up your codes of practice. Scottish services council codes of practice makes sure that every care worker has a duty of care and has to comply with policys and procedures of codes of practice. Infection Prevention and Control comply with Control Of Substances Hazard to Health regulations, to prevent infection and germs, making sure service user is in agreement with how they would like to be supported with there medication and disposing of clinical waste. making sure my hands are washed and dryed before handling medication, before and after. not touching medication or waste directly,wear appropriate ppe gloves and aprons. when applying creams or patches washing and drying hands after removing ppe. Applying topical creams, as this can be absorbed threw your skin using gloves is for your own protection or you could absorb the medication to your skin. if you don’t follow these procedures medication can be compromised and they are open to infection from the staff member. Communication is an important thing when administering mediation, is vital to avoid errors and mistakes. must be extend to members of the care team service user and there represntatives prescriber and the pharmacist one example would be identifying the person verbal verification of the right person is one method of correct indentfiation but it should not be the only methosd used. please tell me your full name is a better wat to confirm a person identity the name be verified on the mar sheet and the medication label . Diabetes both type 1 and 2 are often controlled by insulin regular blood glucose montiering helps you to know if there is a need to inform the person adinstering the insulin to enable them to make adjustmets to the insulin dose as with all blood glucose lowering treatmets the tasrget range for good blood glucose is between 4mmol/8mmols. unplanned exercise lack of food delay in taking food and injections into the same area persistently may lead to low blood sugars. if the service user experiences hypos they should discuss this with their gp or nurse so treatment can be reassessed. There is  not much information about cultural requiremnts and medication managementsome relgions include fasting and some people prefer not to have mecicnes given at certain times.some people would prefer to be given medicines by the same sex. there are also vegetarions that would prefer not to use certain medicnes if they ontain animal products. When administering medication to service user I would sate to the service user what the edication is for and why. i.e if the service user had a U.T.I ( urinary track infection),you would then communicate to service user that this is your antibiotic for urine infection, if the service user says I don’t have that, as service user can be confused due to having a urine infection. I would check service users care plan, make sure correct medication and prescribed for the right reason if not sure I would seek medical advice. also insure that the service user has taken there medication by checking that they have swallowed and asking service user if they have taken there medciation, and I would stay with the service user and observe. check mar sheet if in any doubt, also remember that my role and responsiblty to the service user even after adminstering medication does not finish after I have administered the right medication check make sure no side affects or adverse reactions to the medication..

Legal Safety, and Regulatory Requirements

LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 1 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements Tara Thompson HCS/341 October 1, 2012 Norman Greene LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 2 According to Peterson, (2012), â€Å"The Human Resource Department is responsible for compliance of a multitude of employment- and workplace- related laws. Human resource managers are also responsible for training other resource personnel to ensure that the laws are abided by throughout the organization.There are some common laws that affect HR decisions and actions which involve equal opportunity employment, discrimination, labor laws, and medical leaves of absence. † Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does have an effect on Human Resource in regards to the statement: â€Å"Common Sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation† I disagree, I believe there has to be a balance of Common Sense and Compassion while adhering to the Federal Laws that have been se t in place by the Department of Labor which has an impact on the Human Resource department.Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does have an impact on Human Resource, employees and employers have a contractual relationship and this contractual relationship can be comprised of a few laws that both employee and employer have to abide by in the workplace and Human Resource sees to it that these laws are carried out. These laws were put in place within organizations and businesses by the United States Government to be able to protect the employer, employee and the rights of the public in any situation that may occur on either part.People that work within Human Resources they have to be competent and knowledgeable about the laws and regulations that the Federal Government of the United States have put in place. Federal Laws According to  United States Department of Labor  (n. d. ) â€Å"The Department of Labor (DOL) administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws. These ma ndates and the regulations that LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 3 implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers. Some of these Federal Laws that are implemented in the workplace are: Occupational Safety and Health Administration- Safety and Health conditions in most private industries are regulated by OSHA or OSHA-approved state programs, which also cover public sector employers. Employers that are covered under OSHA have to comply with the regulations in regard to the safety and health standards that have been set forth by OSHA. Organizations have a legal duty to provide their employees with workplace conditions that are free from serious hazards.OSHA enforces these regulations through workplace inspections and investigations. (United States Department of Labor,  n. d. ). Employees tend to work at their best when they have sense of security that they are safe in the workplace when performing their work duties. Acc ording to Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy  (2010), â€Å"The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides legal protection for people with physical or mental disabilities. Under the ADA employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations for employees whose disabilities might prevent them from performing essential job functions adequately, unless it will create an undue hardship for the organization. It is ok for an employer to ask an applicant if they can perform essential job functions, hiring a person with disabilities can also be contingent upon the results of a medical examination. Statement â€Å"Common sense and compassion in the workplace has been replaced by litigation† is a statement that I do not agree with.Common sense is something that we are born with, but at the LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 4 same time it may not be so common, â€Å"We define compassion as an empathetic emotional response to another person’s pain or suffering t hat moves people to act in a way that will either ease the person’s condition or make it more bearable. † (Lilius, 2003). In any type of organization situations can occur that can have just cause for litigation.This is why it is critical for Human Resources to enforce and carry out the laws that the Federal government has put in place to ensure that employers, and employees are using their common sense and compassion and no one’s rights are being violated in anyway. Regulations and laws were created and put in place to make sure that people civil rights are not violated and they are treated fairly. Having common sense and compassion allows people to work together, relate to one another and in return they are satisfied with the work they do and accomplishments they make on the job.Working with common sense and compassion also decreases litigation from being in the workplace. Conclusion Human Resources have a multitude of responsibilities and it’s up to the Human Resource managers to carry them out and make sure they are adhered to. There are many Federal Laws and regulations that Human Resource managers should have knowledge about so when a situation occurs they will be able to handle it the right way.Human resource and The Department of Labor work hand in hand in the workplace OSHA guidelines should be adhered to because safety is critical and it is not just the responsibility of Human Resource but the responsibility of administration as well as all employees in the workplace. Everyone has the right to feel safe and work in a safe environment. American Disabilities Act is another law among many that Human Resources must adhere to. There should be a balance of common sense and compassion so that there is little to none litigation in the workplace.LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 5 References Gomez-Mejia, L. R. , Balkin, D. B. , & Cardy, R. L. (2010). Managing Human Resources  (6th ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/book_04_01. asp. Lilius, J. M. (2003). Compassion lab. com. Retrieved from http://www. compassionlab. com/docs/whatgoodiscompassion. pdf Peterson, J. (2012). What Are Various Employment Laws Which Affect HR Decisions & Actions? Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/list_6814373_various-affect-hr-decisions-actions_. html

Essay Sample on Ragged Dick What Is Advantageous for Succeeding in Life

Essay Sample on Ragged Dick What Is Advantageous for Succeeding in Life Example Essay on Ragged Dick: This Ragged Dick is myth that people is rewarded if he does his best sincerely. Hero Dick is the poor boy who makes his living by shoeshine. To money, he is very sincere, and his sincerity is trusted by rich man and he achieves to go into rich circle. However, such a myth is an empty dream that is not possible rarely very much. In Japan, the American society is considered to be society with the dream that a chance is given to everybody. However, it is a lie. Isnt it extremely difficult for the person belonging to a social of lower rank ba like this myth to achieve a success? For succeeding, the mans circumstance is important first. Does the American dream exist in everybody or not? An answer is NO. The United States is connection society in a academic career-oriented society more than Japan. In the society in that mobs has gathered out of the world like the United Stase, personal character and the hidden ability should not be understood by any means in the interview for several minutes. An immaterial thing is made to the object of evaluation in the case everybody is sharing  definite culture. In the society that everybody is not sharing the common cultural base like the United State, the degree depending on a material thing, for example what degree in what grades in what university, and influential persons recommendation, will become large. People who is not a good university graduate and there is also no good connection, even if he has ability, a chance does not turn. Such conversation exists between Dick and the man in a book Dont you ever steal, then? No, I wouldnt. Lots of boys does it, but I wouldnt.(36) . I agree he is an honest. But, the present time does the boy of a shoeshine win a great success cause living honestly. There are many honest persons generally. The children of the home beyond a middle class build the home beyond the middle class which receives sufficient education and is again blessed with income. The children of the home below a middle class will re-form the low income earner layer below a middle class again, without the ability receiving sufficient education. And whenever the income gap of both layers runs after a generation, it becomes large. Whether it succeeds or not is effected by the circumstance where the man is born. If he is born in a family with money, it will become advantageous for succeeding. In a reverse case, in order for people who has not maney to be successful, it is necessary to try hard more than ordinary and a possibility of suffering a setback is also high.

Character Analysis Of Shakespeare Romeo And Juliet English Literature Essay

Character Analysis Of Shakespeare Romeo And Juliet English Literature Essay Juliet, daughter of Lord and Lady Capulet is beautiful and begins the play by being naà ¯ve about love and marriage. As she enters her teenage life she appears innocent with a remarkable character. She feels affection for Romeo, the son of Montague’s, their greatest enemy. She goes into great lengths disobeying her parents and even forging her own death, just to be with Romeo Montague. At the Capulet party, Juliet meets with Romeo and she falls for him even though she had agreed to marry Parris. However, she is suspicious of his intentions as he is from an unfriendly family, Montague. To prove the sincerity of his love for her, she requests him to marry her. Juliet’s love for Romeo makes her to forgive him when he kills her cousin, Tybalt. She opts to marry Romeo even though it is risky than to marry Paris. Juliet also shows a new stage of maturity by forgiving her nurse’s disloyalty and breaks her parents bond as well as her nurse’s. Though suicide is c onsidered as a negative option in life matters, Juliet uses it to demonstrate the strength and dedication of her love for Romeo. Juliet loves: This is shown when Juliet decides to marry Romeo, a Montague, from family enemy. She agrees to marry him because of the undying affection she feels for him, even though, she was supposed to marry Parris. Also because of her coming from a noble family she lacks freedom to wander around the city unlike Romeo. At midnight she climbs over walls and also gets into midnight swordfights. This also demonstrates her courageousness. Because of her love, she forgives Romeo for killing her cousin. Although suicide is at all times an unconstructive choice, for Juliet it is her last demonstration of the power and dedication of her love for Romeo. Juliet is forgiving: She forgives her love Romeo who had killed her cousin Tybalt. Her courageousness is also seen when she entrusts her whole life to Romeo and not believing the worst reports about him when he ge ts into a fight with her cousin. She is also able to shut her confidant, her nurse out of her life when she turns her back to Romeo. The nurse is considered a comic and vulgar figure in the play. She makes lewd comments and lengthy speeches which help to provide breaks in the tension of the misfortunes happening. The nurse loves Juliet so much than her mother and goes beyond anything to make Juliet happy. She cared for Juliet her entire life. As a result, she accepts to be the mediator between Romeo and Juliet. She organizes a wedding night and helps the two to get married. However, she is unable to understand the reason for Juliet endangering her life for Romeo; she prefers her leaving a relationship that is not easy to maintain and marry Parris who has a soft life. To her, love is sexual and practical unlike Juliet refers to love as passionate and idealistic. The nurse’s advice to Juliet is considered as betrayal and costs their friendship. Due to this, Juliet decides to es cape than confiding in her closest advocate. Similar to everyone else in the play, the nurse faces failure and sorrow.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Case Study Example ?University (SSU) is a comprehensive teaching institution with 14,200 undergraduate and 3500 graduate students accompanied with 400 faculty and staff. SSU is situated in an attractive and relatively isolated setting in Lubbock, Texas. In the recent years, SSU has faced numerous challenges and difficulties. There has been considerable increase in the annual tuition fees but resources to meet the new initiatives have been limited. Although SSU has a few resources in order to meet capital improvement or for the commencement of new programs and initiative but these resources are not adequate. In the recent times, SSU has been able to provide only 1 percent rise across the board faculty and staff salary cost of living and standard promotion adjustment but it has witnessed no major increase in the number of staff for several years. Two programs namely a Staff  Performance  Excellence  Program  (SPEP) and a Faculty  Distinction program was initiated in the year 2000 and 2001 respe ctively which were framed to recognize and motivate outstanding  performance. However, since 2005 neither program was funded. The performance documentation and employee-supervisor discussion committee of the SPEP occupied a key role in deciding the eligibility and levels of merit based salary increase. SPEP was not tied with in any manner with the compensation rather it was totally an academic exercise. Besides, staffs within SSU have also not taken this program seriously as they believe that the program will have no significant impact on their promotion. At the same time, Faculty Distinction program has been paused for many years (Ruben & Jurow, 2012). There was no rigid plan to resolve this ongoing problem faced by the university and the faculty members in the university. As a consequence of this, faculty members in SSU felt increasing level of stress and they deemed to remain strapped for time to teach. Faculty members in SSU who are economically vulnerable remain disheartened about their